The basic map
Copies, texts, translations
Handwritten copies
These are called manuscripts. People copied Bible books by hand. Many words agree, but some copies differ. Compare them to study those differences.
Printed texts
Editors use old copies to prepare a Greek or Hebrew text for print. The KJB New Testament used printed Greek texts often called the Textus Receptus, or received text.
Translations
A translation puts words from one language into another. Two translators can choose different English words even when they use the same Greek or Hebrew text.
The investigation
Four questions for every claim
- What is the claim?Is it about an event in history, or a belief about God and his Word?
- What is the oldest direct evidence?Find the old copy, quote, printed edition or record itself.
- What is the strongest challenge?Check the best reasons for disagreeing too.
- How sure can we be?We label answers Clear, Likely or Not Settled.